Reza Ghafari was born in 1937 in Tehran. He was imprisoned by the military government of Tehran after the August 19th coup-d’etat for six month. He went to the United States after his liberation to continue his studies and got his Master degree in economics from the University of Utah. He then went to the New-York state university and got his PHD in political economics.
He taught for a period of time in American universities (New-York and Vermont) then, in 1974, he returned to Iran and started teaching in the University of Economics of Tehran.
Dr. Ghafari never ceased his fight and his political activities during the years he studied in Iran and outside of Iran. He was one of the insurgent professors of the Tehran University in the beginning of the 1979 revolution. He continued his battle after the shah left and had the profound well being of people as his goal until his imprisonment by the Islamic regime.
He endured six years of his life in some of the most sinister prisons of the Islamic republic (such as Comite Moshtarek, Evin, Ghezel Hesar and gohar Dasht). He was tortured and witnessed their heinous and inhuman doings. He left the country clandestinely after his liberation. He was invited to teach in the University of African and Oriental studies of London for two years. He lives presently in Europe.
Dr. ghafari is a member of the Iranian’s in exile writers’ center and the writers international committee. He has written many essays on politic economic subjects and has edited and translated many books such as “the political economy of socialism”. His last book “memoir of a prisoner from the Islamic republic prisons” was published in 1998 in 1998 and was translated in German. The Turkish translation of this book will be available soon.
“This book reflects the resistance of Iran’s children behind the concrete walls of prisons.”
Reza Ghafari does everything in his power to bring the voices of thousands of defenceless prisoner to the whole world’s ears.
Réza Ghafari est Né en 1937 à Téhéran. Il fut emprisonné par le gouverneur militaire de Téhéran suite au coup d’état du 19 aout pour six mois. Après sa libération, il s’en alla au États-Unis pour poursuivre ses études et recevoir sa maitrise en économie de l’université de l’Utah. Il continua ses études à l’université de New-York et reçu son doctorat en économie politique.
Il enseigna pendant quelque temps dans les universités américaine (new-York et Vermont) puis retourna à Téhéran en 1974 et occupa le poste de professeur à l’université de l’économie de Téhéran.
Docteur Ghafari ne cessa jamais son combat et ses activités politiques durant ses études en Iran ou à l’extérieur et il fut l’un des professeurs contestataire de l’université de Téhéran a l’aube de la révolution de 1979. Il continua son combat après le départ du chah visant les buts populaire approfondi jusqu'à son arrêt par le régime islamique.
Réza Ghafari passa plus de six années de sa vie dans les plus sinistre prison du gouvernement de la république islamique (Le comité Mochtarek,Evin, Ghezel hessar et Gohar Dacht), subissant la torture et témoin de leurs sombres actes meurtrier et inhumain.
Après sa libération, il quitta le pays clandestinement. Il vie présentement en Europe. Il fut invité à enseigner à l’université des études sur l’orient et l’Afrique de Londres pour deux ans.
Dr. Ghafariqui est membre du centre des écrivains en exile d’Iran et du comité international d’écriture. Il a écrit plusieurs essais sur des sujets politique-économique et a à son actif l’édition et la traduction de plusieurs livres dont « l’Économie politique du socialisme ». Son dernier livre « Mémoires d’un prisonnier des prisons de la république islamique » est sortie en1998. Ce livre est écrit en anglais et a été traduit en allemand. La traduction de ce livre en turque est attendu pour bientôt.
« Ce livre est l’écho de la résistance des enfants de l’Iran derrière les murs en béton des prisons. »
Réza Ghafari fait tout son possible pour faire entendre la voix des milliers de prisonniers sans défense aux oreilles du monde entier.
A brief history of 150 years of fatwas against women by leading shiite clergies in Iran
- When Islamic regime came to power after some help from the Big Powers meeting in Guadalupe in 1979 even though the democratic revolution failed but the shah’s autocracy was overthrown.
- Shortly after a theocracy based on Islamic theology and Shiite religion was established and on basis of many Fatwas issued by Khomeini after his arrival from Paris VIA Air France he brought blood in the streets of Tehran, Kurdistan, Azerbaijan, Turkmen Sahara, Khuzestan, and Sistan Baluchistan.
- An ideological massacre was set on in which tens of thousands of opposition members were killed in prisons or in the streets some as old as 12 years of age.
- Many thousands of women between the age of 12 to 70 active in the opposition parties or just not submitting to the Islamic rule of conduct were arrested brought to prisons, tortured, rapped and latter killed.
- Women in general had suffered the worst atrocities afflicted on our people by the Islamic regime as a sex slave in society at large, as a slave worker in the house and as the cheapest slave in the work force.
- The first Fatwa was issued against a historical women called Tahereh Ghoratolain by leading Shiite clergies was in 1848 approximately 150 years ago.
- Tahereh was leading a peasants revolt against the Feudal establishment composed of the Monarchy and the Shiite Hierarchy which was part of the landed aristocracy.
- Historically this was called the Babi Revolt where tens of thousands of followers were massacred and many of them were Sham-Ajin-their live bodies were candled and lilted and were taken into different cities so that they would suffer a slow and torturous death.
- During the Constitutional Revolution of 1905-7 a series Fatwas were issued by the highest authority in the Shiite Hierarchy specifically against the women.
- During 57 years of Pahlavi’s women experienced a forced unveiling by Police and the Gendarmerie force.
- After the cupe’deta against Mossadigh by CIA & MI6 we see a radicalization of women struggle against the Shah and the participation of women in the Arm Struggle. Many women lose their lives in this period either in front of the firing squad or in fighting shah’s henchman unlashed by Shah’s SAVAK.
- In the last part of my research I will try to show how Khomeini based his Fatwas on Koran.
- In the final pages of this work I will present the essentials of a just, secular and democratic state necessary for the future development of Iran.
Video in English | With Farsi voice over
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Lousnak • Elahe Machouf • Red Names • Shirin • Ms.sun • Looli • Hossein Afsahi • Saeed Yousef • Danielle Ouanes
Hassan Pooya • Soudabeh Ardavan • Setareh Abbasi • Shohreh Kia • Mahbubeh • Payam Akhavan • Shahrzad Mojab
Béatrice Vaugrante • Masoud Raouf • Mostafa Henaway • Stephan Kazemi • Saiid Ismati • Zari Daknema • Antigone
Marie Boti • Felicitas Treue • Bahram Ghadimi • Shokoufe Sakhi • Iraj Mesdaghi • Reza Gahfari • Ezat Mossallanejed